Fungal Toenail Treatment

Our toenails are subject to the constant presence of bacteria and fungi (picture the environment inside a shoe).

Fungal toenails, also known as onychomycosis is one of the most common nail conditions that we see as podiatrists. It is a slow growing fungus that is commonly the same fungus that causes tinea.

Fungal infections usually occur underneath the nail and begin at the end of the nail (where it gets trimmed) and are caused by a spreading of a fungus under the nail plate and into the nail bed. Fungi grow in the warm, moist environment inside socks and shoes. Fungal nail infection can also appear as a white, powdery discoloration on top of the nail.

The most common symptoms of fungal toenails infections include:

Thickened nails

The affected nail may become thicker than usual, making it difficult to trim.

Discoloured nails

The nail may become yellow, brown, or white, and may have spots or streaks.

Brittleness

The nail may become brittle, crumbly, or ragged, making it easier to break.

Distorted nail shape

The nail may become distorted, and its shape may change, such as curving or bending.

Foul odour

The infected nail may emit an unpleasant odour.

Separation from the nail bed

In severe cases, the infected nail may separate from the nail bed, causing pain and discomfort.

Pain and discomfort

The affected nail may become painful or uncomfortable, especially when walking or wearing shoes.

It’s important to note that not all nail changes are due to fungal infections, and other conditions such as psoriasis or injury can cause similar symptoms. If you suspect you have a fungal nail infection, it’s best to see a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Toenail fungus is often picked up in public gyms, showers, and swimming pools as fungal organisms thrive in these warm, damp environments where they can infect the toenails through small cuts in the skin around the nails or through the opening between the nail and nail bed.

Factors that can lead to developing Fungal Nails include:

Trauma, allowing entry into the nail or nail bed

Trauma to the nail or nail bed can create small openings that allow fungi to enter and infect the nail. For example, a nail injury such as a cut or puncture wound can provide a pathway for fungi to enter the nail. Similarly, frequent use of artificial nails or other nail products can cause trauma to the nail and increase the risk of fungal infection.

Abnormal pH level of the skin

The normal pH of the skin is slightly acidic, which helps to protect against fungal and bacterial infections. However, certain factors such as excessive sweating, frequent exposure to water, and the use of alkaline soaps can disrupt the skin’s pH balance, making it more susceptible to fungal infections. Additionally, skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis can also affect the skin’s pH and increase the risk of fungal infections.

Not drying off feet thoroughly after exercise or bathing

Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, and failing to dry the feet properly after exercise or bathing can create an ideal environment for fungal growth. This is particularly true in the areas between the toes, where moisture can accumulate and create a breeding ground for fungi.

Wearing tight enclosed shoes that don’t allow feet to breathe

Wearing tight, enclosed shoes can create a warm, damp environment that promotes fungal growth. This is especially true if the shoes do not allow for adequate ventilation, trapping moisture and sweat in the shoes and on the feet.

Individuals with compromised immune systems

People with compromised immune systems, such as diabetics and the elderly, are more susceptible to fungal infections due to reduced immune function. In addition, poor circulation and nerve damage associated with diabetes can make it harder for the body to fight off infections and increase the risk of fungal nail infections.

Podiatrist tools

Podiatrists have tools to reduce the thickness of the fungal nail so that topical medication can be more easily absorbed, thus providing more comfort to the patient this will also allow for better penetration of topical antifungal medications. This can be particularly helpful for patients with thick or difficult-to-treat fungal nail infections.

If left untreated, fungal nail infections can cause several complications, including:

• Pain and discomfort: The infection can cause pain, discomfort, and swelling in the affected area, making it difficult to walk or perform daily activities.
• Nail deformities: The nail may become thickened, discoloured, and brittle, and may even begin to separate from the nail bed, causing a permanent deformity.
• Spread to other nails and body parts: Nail infections can easily spread to other nails on the same foot or hand, as well as to other parts of the body, such as the skin or groin area.
• Bacterial infection: A nail infection can make the nail more vulnerable to bacterial infection, which can cause further complications and may require antibiotic treatment.
• Reduced quality of life: Nail infections can be unsightly and embarrassing, leading to reduced self-esteem and quality of life. They may also cause feelings of self-consciousness or anxiety in social situations.

It’s important to seek treatment for fungal nail infections to prevent complications and to improve the appearance and health of the affected nail.

You can take several steps to prevent fungal nail infections, including:

• Wash your feet regularly with soap and water, and dry them thoroughly, especially between your toes.
• Choose shoes and socks made from breathable materials that allow air to circulate around your feet.
• If you are prone to fungal infections, you may want to use an antifungal powder or spray in your shoes and on your feet.
• Fungal infections can spread from person to person, so it’s important to avoid sharing items like nail clippers or socks.
• Wear sandals or flip-flops in public places like communal showers, locker rooms, and swimming pools to reduce your risk of exposure to fungal infections.
• Try to avoid injuring your nails, and if you do sustain an injury, clean and disinfect the area to prevent infection